ButterKnife使用教程
2015-03-06
一、简介
使用ButterKnife框架,可以使你从大量的findViewById中解脱出来,更专注于业务逻辑的实现。
Butterknife的特性:
-
支持 Activity 中的 View 注入
-
支持 View 中的 View 注入
-
支持 View 事件回调函数注入
目前支持如下事件回调函数:
-
View: @OnLongClick and @OnFocusChanged.
-
TextView: @OnEditorAction.
-
AdapterView: @OnItemClick and @OnItemLongClick.
-
CompoundButton: @OnCheckedChanged.
二、安装及配置
1.去官网或者github下载jar包(目前最新版本为:butterknife-6.1.0.jar),放到工程的libs目录,如果你使用的是Android Studio,在app目录下的build.gradle中添加如下依赖即可:
dependencies {
compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:21.0.2'
compile 'com.jakewharton:butterknife:6.1.0'
}
2.IDE中的配置
2.1 Eclipse中的配置
右键单击工程,选择properties—>java compile—> Annotation Processing,勾选 “Enable project specific settings”。如下图所示:
然后,点开Annotation Processing,选中Factory Path,勾选 “Enable project specific settings” ,选择 “Add JARs…”添加你下载的butterknife jar包,如下所示:
2.2 IntelliJ IDEA中的配置
需要开启AnnotationProcessor配置。如下图:
三、使用
没使用butterknife之前,你的代码如下:
public class Main extends Activity {
EditText editInfo;
Button btnOK;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
editInfo = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.edit_info);
btnOK = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_ok);
editInfo.setText("Hello World");
btnOK.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
String str = editInfo.getText().toString();
if("Hello World".equals(str)) {
editInfo.setText("Hello Java");
return;
}
if("Hello Java".equals(str)) {
editInfo.setText("Hello World");
return;
}
}
});
}
}
使用butterknife之后,你的代码可简写如下所示:
public class Main extends Activity {
@InjectView(R.id.edit_info)
EditText editInfo;
@InjectView(R.id.btn_ok)
Button btnOK;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
ButterKnife.inject(this);
editInfo.setText("Hello World")
}
@OnClick(R.id.btn_ok)
public void changeText() {
String str = editInfo.getText().toString();
if("Hello World".equals(str)) {
editInfo.setText("Hello Java");
return;
}
if("Hello Java".equals(str)) {
editInfo.setText("Hello World");
return;
}
}
}
一些示例代码如下所示:
在Activity 中注入
class ExampleActivity extends Activity {
@InjectView(R.id.title) TextView title;
@InjectView(R.id.subtitle) TextView subtitle;
@InjectView(R.id.footer) TextView footer;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.simple_activity);
ButterKnife.inject(this);
// TODO Use "injected" views...
}
}
在Fragment中注入
public class FancyFragment extends Fragment {
@InjectView(R.id.button1) Button button1;
@InjectView(R.id.button2) Button button2;
@Override
View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fancy_fragment, container, false);
ButterKnife.inject(this, view);
// TODO Use "injected" views...
return view;
}
}
在ViewHolder中注入
public class MyAdapter extends BaseAdapter {
@Override
public View getView(int position, View view, ViewGroup parent) {
ViewHolder holder;
if (view != null) {
holder = (ViewHolder) view.getTag();
} else {
view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.whatever, parent, false);
holder = new ViewHolder(view);
view.setTag(holder);
}
holder.name.setText("John Doe");
// etc...
return convertView;
}
static class ViewHolder {
@InjectView(R.id.title) TextView name;
@InjectView(R.id.job_title) TextView jobTitle;
public ViewHolder(View view) {
ButterKnife.inject(this, view);
}
}
}
注入回调函数
下面是几种注入回调函数的方法示例:
// 带有 Button 参数
@OnClick(R.id.submit)
public void sayHi(Button button) {
button.setText("Hello!");
}
// 不带参数
@OnClick(R.id.submit)
public void submit() {
// TODO submit data to server...
}
// 同时注入多个 View 事件
@OnClick({ R.id.door1, R.id.door2, R.id.door3 })
public void pickDoor(DoorView door) {
if (door.hasPrizeBehind()) {
Toast.makeText(this, "You win!", LENGTH_SHORT).show();
} else {
Toast.makeText(this, "Try again", LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
Reset函数
如果需要在界面销毁的时候,把注入的View设置为 Null,则可以用 reset 函数:
public class FancyFragment extends Fragment {
@InjectView(R.id.button1) Button button1;
@InjectView(R.id.button2) Button button2;
@Override
View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater,ViewGroup group, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fancy_fragment, container, false);
ButterKnife.inject(this, view);
// TODO Use "injected" views...
return view;
}
@Override void onDestroyView() {
super.onDestroyView();
Views.reset(this);
}
}
另外,还支持可选的 View注入,如果该 View 没有,也没关系:
@Optional @InjectView(R.id.might_not_be_there) TextView mightNotBeThere;
@Optional @OnClick(R.id.maybe_missing) void onMaybeMissingClicked() {
// TODO ...
}
Android Studio、Idea插件
演示: